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Archaic Period (3150-2686 BCE)
Dynasty 0 (3150-3050 BCE)
	Scorpion	c. 3150
	Narmer (Menes)	c. 3100
Dynasty 1 (3050-2890 BCE)
	Aha	c. 3000-2975
	Djer	c. 3000
	Djet	c. 2980
	Merneith	c. 2950
	Den	c. 2950
	Anedjib	c. 2925
	Semerkhet	c. 2900
	Qa'a	c. 2890
Dynasty 2 (2890-2686 BCE)
	Hetepsekhemwy	c. 2890
	Raneb	c. 2865
	Ninetjer
	Weneg
	Sened
	Perisbsen	c. 2700
	Khasekhemwy	c. 2686
Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BCE)
Dynasty 3 (2686-2613 BCE)
	Sanakht (Nebka?)	c. 2684-2667
	Djoser (Netjerikhet)	c. 2667-2648
	Sekhemkhet	c. 2648-2640
	Khaba	c. 2640-2637
	Huni	c. 2637-2613
Dynasty 4 (2613-2494 BCE)
	Snefru	c. 2613-2589
	Khufu (Cheops)	c. 2589-2566
	Djedefre (Radjedef)	c. 2566-2558
	Khafre (Chephren)	c. 2558-2532
	Menkaure (Mycerinus)	c. 2532-2503
	Shepseskaf	c. 2503-2494
Dynasty 5 (2494-2345 BCE)
	Userkaf	c. 2494-2487
	Sahure	c. 2487-2475
	Neferirare-Kakai	c. 2475-2455
	Shepseskare	c. 2455-2448
	Raneferef	c. 2448-2445
	Niserre	c. 2445-2421
	Menkauhor	c. 2421-2414
	Isesi	c. 2414-2375
	Unas (Wenis)	c. 2375-2345
Dynasty 6 (2345-2181 BCE)
	Teti	c. 2345-2323
	Userkare	c. 2323-2321
	Pepi I (Meryre)	c. 2321-2287
	Merenre	c. 2287-2278
	Pepi II (Neferkare)	c. 2278-2184
	Nitiqret (Nitocris)	c. 2184-2181
1st Intermediate Period (2181-2040 BCE)
Dynasties 7-10 (2181-2160 BCE)
	Netrikare
	Menkare
	Neferkare II
	Neferkare III
	Djedkare
	Neferkare IV
	Merenhor
	Menkamin I
	Nikare
	Neferkare V
	Neferkahor
	Neferkare VI
	Neferkamin II
	Ibi I
	Neferkaure
	Neferkauhor
	Neferirkare II
	Neferkare
	Kheti (there were several)
	Meri-Hathor
	Merikare
Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BCE)
Dynasty 11 (2125-1985 BCE)
	Mentuhotep (Tepy-aa')
	Intef I (Sehertawy)	c. 2125-2112
	Intef II (Wahankh)	c. 2112-2063
	Intef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer)	c. 2062-2055
	Wahankh Antef II
	Mentuhotep II (Nebhepetre)	c. 2055-1985
	Mentuhotep III (Sankhkare)	c. 2004-1992
	Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyre)	c. 1992-1985
Dynasty 12 (1985-1795 BCE)
	Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre)	c. 1985-1955
	Sesostris I (Senusret) (Kheperkare)	c. 1965-1920
	Amenemhet II (Nubkaure)	c. 1922-1878
	Sesostris II (Senusret) (Khakheperre)	c. 1880-1874
	Sesostris III (Senusret) (Khakaure)	c. 1874-1855
	Amenemhet III (Nimaatre)	c. 1855-1808
	Amenemhet IV (Maakherure)	c. 1808-1799
	Sobeknofru (Sobekkare)	c. 1799-1795
2nd Intermediate Period (1750-1570 BCE)
Dynasty 13 (1782-1650 BCE) (1st Kings were part of the Middle Kingdom)
	Wegaf I
	Amenemhat-Senebef
	Sekhemre-Khutawi
	Amenemhat V
	Sehetepibre I
	Iufni
	Amenemhat VI
	Semenkare
	Sehetepibre II
	Sewadjkare
	Nedjemibre
	Sobekhotep I
	Reniseneb
	Hor I (Awibre)
	Amenemhat VII
	Sobekhoteo II
	Khendjer (Userkhare)
	Imire-Mesha
	Antef IV
	Seth
	Sobekhotep III (Sekhemrasewadjtawy)
	Neferhotep I (Khasekhemre)
	Sihathor
	Sobekhotep IV (Khaneferre)	c. 1725
	Sobekhotep V
	Iaib
	Ay
	Ini I
	Sewadjtu
	Ined
	Hori
	Sobekhotep VI
	Dedumes I
	Ibi II
	Hor II
	Senebmiu
	Sekhanre I
	Merkheperre
	Merikare
Dynasty 14 (c. 1750-1650 BCE)
	Nehesi
	Khatire
	Nebfaure
	Sehabre
	Meridjefare
	Sewadjkare
	Heribre
	Sankhibre
	Kanefertemre
	Neferibre
	Ankhare
	(others)
Dynasties 15 & 16 (1663-1555 BCE)
	Salitis
	Khyan (Seuserenre)	c. 1600
	Apophis (Apepi) (Aauserre)	c. 1555
	Khamudi
	Anat-Her
	User-anat
	Semqen
	Zaket
	Wasa
	Qar
	Pepi III
	Bebankh
	Nebmaatre
	Nikare II
	Aahotepre
	Aaneterire
	Nubankhre
	Nubuserre
	Khauserre
	Khamure
	Jacob-Baal
	Yakobam
	Yoam
	Amu
	(others)
Dynasty 17 (1663-1570 BCE)
	Intef V (Nubkheperre)
	Rahotep
	Sobekemzaf
	Djehuti
	Mentuhotep VII
	Nebirau I
	Nebirau II
	Semenenre
	Suserenre
	Sobekemzaf II
	Intef VI
	Intef VII
	Taa I (Senakhtenre)
	Taa II (Seqenenre)	c. 1650
	Kamose (Wadjkheperre)	c. 1555-1550
New Kingdom (1550-1069 BCE)
Dynasty 18 (1550-1295 BCE)
	Ahmose (Nebpehtyre)	c. 1550-1525
	Amuntotep I (Djeserkare)	c. 1525-1504
	Thutmose I (Aakheperkare)	c. 1504-1492
	Thutmose II (Aakheperenre)	c. 1492-1479
	Thutmose III (Menkhepererre)	c. 1479-1473
	Hatshepsut (Maatkare)	c. 1473-1458
	Thutmose III (restored)	c. 1473-1425
	Amenhotep II (Aakheperure)	c. 1427-1400
	Thutmose IV (Menkheperure)	c. 1400-1390
	Amunhotep III (Nebmaatre)	c. 1390-1352
	Akhenaten (Amunhotep IV) (Neferkheperurawaenre)	c. 1352-1336
	Smenkhkare (Nefernefruaten)	c. 1338-1336
	Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure)	c. 1336-1327
	Ay (Kheperkheperure)	c. 1327-1323
	Horemheb (Djeserkheperure)	c. 1323-1295
Dynasty 19 (1295-1186 BCE)
	Ramesses I (Menpehtyre)	c. 1295-1294
	Seti I (Menmaatre)	c. 1294-1279
	Ramesses II (Usermaatra Setepenre)	c. 1279-1213
	Merneptah (Baenre)	c. 1213-1203
	Amenmesse (Menmire)	c. 1203-1200
	Seti II (Userkheperur Setepenre)	c. 1200-1194
	Siptah (Akhenra Setepenre)	c. 1194-1188
	Twosret (Tawosre) (Sitrameritamun)	c. 1188-1186
Dynasty 20 (1186-1069 BCE)
	Sethnakht (Userkhaure Meryamun)	c. 1186-1184
	Ramesses III (Usermaatre Meryamun)	c. 1184-1153
	Ramesses IV (Hekamaatre Setepenamun)	c. 1153-1147
	Ramesses V (Usermaatre Sekheperenre)	c. 1147-1143
	Ramesses VI (Nebmaatre Meryamun)	c. 1143-1136
	Ramesses VII (Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun)	c. 1136-1129
	Ramesses VIII (Usermaatre Akhenamun)	c. 1129-1126
	Ramesses IX (Neferkare Setepenre)	c. 1126-1108
	Ramesses X (Khepermaatre Setepenre)	c. 1108-1099
	Ramesses XI (Menmaatre Setepenptah)	c. 1099-1069
	Herihor
3rd Intermediate Period (1069-656 BCE)
Dynasty 21 (1069-945 BCE)
	Smendes (Hedjkheperre Setepenre)	c. 1069-1043
	Amenemnisu (Neferkare)	c. 1043-1039
	Psuennes I (Pasebakhaennuit) (Aakheperre Setepenamun)	c. 1039-991
	Amenemope (Usermaatre Setepenamun)	c. 993-984
	Osorkon I (AakheperSetepenre)	c. 984-978
	Siamun (Netjrkheperre Setepenamun)	c. 978-959
	Psusennes II (Pasebakhaennuit) (Titkheperure Setepenre)	c. 959-945
Dynasty 22 (945-715 BCE)
	Shoshenq I (Hedjkheperre Setepenre)	c. 945-924
	Osorkon I (Sekhemkheperre)	c. 924-889
	Shoshenq II (Hekakheperre Setepenre)	c. 890
	Takelot I	c. 889-874
	Osorkon II (Usermaatre Setepnamun)	c. 874-850
	Harsiese
	Takelot II (Hedjkheperre Setepenre Amun)	c. 850-825
	Shoshenq III (Usermaatre0	c. 825-773
	Pami (Pimay) (Usermaatre)	c. 773-767
	Shoshenq V (Aakheperre)	c. 767-730
	Osorkon IV (Aakheperre Setepenamun)	c. 730-715
	Osorkon V
Dynasties 23 & 24 (818-715 BCE)
	Pedubaste I (Usermaatre)	c. 818-793
	Shoshenq IV	c. 780
	Osorkon III (Usermaatre Setepenamun)	c. 777-749
	Peftjauwybast
	Tefnakht
	Bakenranef (Bocchoris)	c. 727-715
Dynasty 25 (747-656 BCE)
	Piankhy (Piye)	c. 747-716
	Shabaqo (Neferkare)	c. 716-702
	Shabitqo (Djedkaure)	c. 702-690
	Taharqa (Khunefertemre)	690-656
	Tantamani (Bakare)	664-656
Late Period (664-332 BCE)
Dynasty 26 (664-525 BCE)
	Nekau I	672-664
	Psammethicus I (Psamtek) (Wahinre)	664-610
	Nekau II (Wehemibre)	610-959
	Psammethicus II (Psamtek) (Neferibre)	595-589
	Apries (Haaibre)	589-570
	Amasis (Ahmose II) (Khnemibre)	570-526
	Psammethicus III (Psamtek) (Ankhkaenre)	526-525
Dynasty 27 (525-405 BCE)
	Cambyses	525-522
	Darius I	522-486
	Xerxes I	486-465
	Artaxerxes I	465-424
	Darius II	424-405
Dynasty 28 (405-399 BCE)
	Amyrtaeus	405-399
Dynasty 29 (399-380 BCE)
	Neferites I	399-393
	Psammutis
	Hakoris (Khnemmaatre)	393-380
	Neferites II	c. 380
Dynasty 30 (380-343 BCE)
	Nectanebo I (Kheperkare)	380-362
	Teos (Irmaatenre)	362-360
	Nectanebo II (Senedjemibre Setepenanhur)	360-343
Dynasty 31 (343-332 BCE)
	Ochus (Atraxerxes III)	342-338
	Arses	338-336
	Darius III (Codoman)	336-332
Ptolemaic Period (332-30 BCE)
Dynasty 32 (332-310 BCE)
	Alexander the Great	332-323
	Philip Arrhidaeus	323-317
	Alexander IV	317-310
Dynasty 33 (310-30 BCE)
	Ptolemy I Soter I	305-285
	Ptolemy II Philadelphius	285-246
	Ptolemy III Euergetes I	246-221
	Ptolemy IV Philopater	221-205
	Ptolemy V Epiphanes	205-180
	Ptolemy VI Philometor	180-145
	Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater	145
	Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II	170-116
	Ptolemy IX Soter II	116-107
	Ptolemy X Alexander I	107-88
	Ptolemy IX Soter II (restored)	88-80
	Ptolemy XI Alexander II	80
	Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysus (Auletes)	80-51
	Cleopatra VII Philopater	51-30
	Ptolemy XIII	51-47
	Ptolemy XIV	47-44
	Ptolemy XV Caesarion	44-30

Tales Maspero Egypt

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THE 

SECRET

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WORLD

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MARK BOOTH

I had never understood why this was so until I came across the fantastic recent (2008) book by Mark Booth, The Secret History of the World.  The book turns cosmic history upside down, and argues that the universe did not evolve in the way that has been customarily accepted, namely, that matter was created and then mind gradually evolved from it.  Rather, the book argues, mind was created first, and gradually matter coalesced and precipitated from it.

That is an astonishing proposition!  I was immediately enthralled with it, because, by a simple shift of viewpoint, it seemed at a glance to explain so very much for me.  The book arrived into my hands at just the right time, after years of my wondering why things were as they were, to explain that the reason was the exact opposite of how I and many others had been taught!

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Alvarez Pyramids

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Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun was king of Egypt from about 1332 B.C. until his death around 1322 B.C. His reign was unimportant. But interest in Tutankhamun began in 1922, when the British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered his tomb. It had not been opened since ancient times and still had most of its treasures. It is the only tomb of an ancient Egyptian king to be discovered almost completely undamaged.

Tutankhamun became king at about the age of 9. He probably got a lot of help from Ay, his vizier (minister of state) who also became his successor. Historians believe Tutankhamun died at about the age of 18, but they are unsure how. X-rays show that he may have had a head injury from an accident. Some say that he was murdered. Officially it is thought he died from an infection after breaking his leg. His tomb is in the Valley of the Kings in central Egypt.

Howard Carter searched for Tutankhamun’s tomb for nearly six years. He finally discovered that its entrance had been hidden by the waste from digging at the entrance of the nearby tomb of King Ramses VI. Tutankhamun’s four-room tomb contained more than 5,000 objects, including many beautifully carved and gold-covered items. A wonderful gold mask of Tutankhamun covered the head and shoulders of the royal mummy. 

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ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD

Introduction;

What we call the Egyptian Book of the Dead was known to the Egyptians as Reu nu pert em hru translated that means The Chapters of coming forth by day. It is a collection of chapters made up of magic spells and formulas. It was illustrated and written on papyrus. These papyri were commissioned by the deceased before their death. Like most products these text came in different qualities. You could commission the finest quality papyrus money could buy or you could purchase one "off the rack" and have a scribe fill in the blanks with your name. . . . .  

This collection of funerary chapters began to appear in Egyptian tombs around 1600 BC. It can be thought of as the deceased's guidebook to a happy afterlife. The text was intended to be read by the deceased during their journey into the Underworld. It enabled the deceased to overcome obstacles and not lose their way. It did this by teaching passwords, giving clues, and revealing routes that would allow the deceased to answer questions and navigate around hazards. It would grant the help and protection of the gods while proclaiming the deceased's identity with the gods. The Papyrus of Ani is one of the finest and most complete examples of this type of Egyptian funerary text to survive. The Papyrus of Ani now resides in The British Museum, London.

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ANCIENT HERBEW LANGUAGE

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IntroductionThis book is unique in that it will look at the Biblical
Hebrew language of the Bible through the eyes of the
Ancient Hebrews who wrote it. Modern readers often
ignore the fact that the Bible is an Ancient text and must
be read as an Ancient text. The definitions of Hebrew
words, just like any other language, change and evolve
over time. It is the goal of this work to bring out the
Ancient Hebrew meanings of words to the student of the
Bible as never before done.
The study of the Ancient Hebrew language and alphabet
begins with an understanding of the Ancient Hebrew
culture as both are intimately related. The original letters
of the Hebrew alphabet was actually pictures, or
pictographs, similar to Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Each
picture represented an object whose definition is closely
related to the agricultural lifestyle of the Ancient
Hebrews. By studying the culture and lifestyle of the
Ancient Hebrews we can better understand their language.
In a work such as this, there will undoubtedly be some
misinterpretation of the Ancient Hebrew culture and
pictographs. The study of any Ancient culture is like
putting together a puzzle. We will never have all the
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Ancient Hebrew Language and Alphabet
2
together and attempt to fill in the gaps as efficiently as
possible. Sometimes the gaps in the puzzle are small and
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these gaps are large and difficult to fill in. There is much
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and I hope that others, who have the same love for the
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challenge of continuing the research needed to piece
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